LACTOBACILLI Lactobacillus acidophilus Lb. brevis [Possibly now Lb. kefiri] Lb. casei subsp. casei Lb. casei subsp. rhamnosus Lb. paracasei subsp. paracasei Lb. fermentum Lb. cellobiosus Lb. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus Lb. delbrueckii subsp. lactis Lb. fructivorans Lb. helveticus subsp. lactis Lb. hilgardii Lb. helveticus Lb. kefiri Lb. kefiranofaciens subsp. kefirgranum Lb. kefiranofaciens subsp. kefiranofaciens Lb. parakefiri Lb. plantarum | STREPTOCOCCI/LACTOCOCCI Streptococcus thermophilus St. paracitrovorus ^ Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis Lc. lactis subsp. lactis biovar. diacetylactis Lc. lactis subsp. cremoris Enterococcus durans Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. cremoris Leuc. mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides Leuc. dextranicum ^ |
YEASTS Dekkera anomala t/ Brettanomyces anomalus a Kluyveromyces marxianus t/ Candida kefyr a# Pichia fermentans t/ C. firmetaria a Yarrowia lipolytica t/ C. lipolytica a Debaryomyces hansenii t/ C. famata a# Deb. [Schwanniomyces] occidentalis Issatchenkia orientalis t/ C. krusei a Galactomyces geotrichum t/ Geotrichum candidum a C. friedrichii C. rancens C. tenuis C. humilis C. inconspicua C. maris Cryptococcus humicolus Kluyveromyces lactis var. lactis # Kluyv. bulgaricus Kluyv. lodderae Saccharomyces cerevisiae # Sacc. subsp. torulopsis holmii Sacc. pastorianus Sacc. humaticus Sacc. unisporus Sacc. exiguus Sacc. turicensis sp. nov Torulaspora delbrueckii t * Zygosaccharomyces rouxii |
ACETOBACTER Acetobacter aceti Acetobacter rasens ______________________________________________ Legend t Teleomorph. Sexual reproductive stage. Yeast form pseudo-mycelium as in Flowers of Kefir. a Anamorph. Asexual reproductive stage. Reproduce by budding or forming spores or cell splitting [fission]. # Can utilize lactose or lactate. ^ Aroma forming. subsp. Sub specie type. sp. Specie type. sp. nov. New strain or new specie strain type. biovar. Biological variation strain type. var. Variety type. |
Units Count of Microbes in Gram Stained Kefir Grains Bacilli [single cells, pair, chains] Streptococci [pair, chains] Yeast [single cells] | The Means Range Bacilli 66, 62-69% Streptococci 16, 11- 12% Yeast 18, 16- 20% [11] |
Evolution Sequence among Genus Groups during Kefir Culture Cycle Lactococci > Lactobacilli > Leuconostoc > Yeast > Acetobacter |
Microbial Composition of Kefir at End of Fermentation [colony forming units/ml] ** Lactococci : 1,000,000,000 Leuconostocs : 100,000,000 Lactobacilli : 5,000,000 Yeast : 1,000,000 Acetobacter : 100,000 |
References List of Bacterial Names with Standing in Nomenclature - Genus Lactobacillus |
END NOTES Candida albicans has never been isolated from kefir grains [as far as the author is aware at the time of writing]. Conditions make it quite difficult for this particular opportunistic yeast to flourish among the microflora of kefir grains and in kefir. Certain yeasts of kefir include Candida as part of the nomenclature [name]. These yeasts are not pathogenic yeasts as such, but are classified as Generally Regarded As Safe [GRAS]. Some yeast strains of kefir may have the potential to keep C. albicans in check in the host, for research has shown that certain yeast strains of kefir can colonize the gut, giving C. albicans competition for nutrients or good inhibition by some form of chemical action by yeasts, and or the Lactic acid bacteria [LAB] of kefir. Kefiran may also play an important role in this, for research has shown kefiran markedly antagonized the growth of C. albicans, including other strains of unfavourable fungi and bacteria.
Sumber : Dom's About Kefir
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